Human Resource Management Notes Free Essays

09/06/11 Human Resource Management Notes #1 A. The executives versus Authority: ManagementLeadership Planning and Budgeting * What do we need? * How much time/cash? | Establishing Direction: * What do you see? * What’s your vision? | Organizing/Staffing * Hiring the perfect individuals * Or appointing undertakings | Aligning People: * Target supporters * Share thoughts/vision| Controlling and Problem-Solving * Keeping things working * Or tending to Issues| Motivating and Inspiring * Convince others * Get them on board| Maintain Predictability and Order * Monitor progress * Achieve results| Produce Change * End Result| B. We will compose a custom exposition test on Human Resource Management Notes or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now We viewed the video and took notes on the peculiar conductor’s authority and the board style identifying with his symphonies. The Four Interpreations of Organizational Processe HRM Notes #2 A. What is the Four Frames? I. The Four Frames is a technique created by Lee G Bolman and Terrence E. Arrangement by which hierarchical circumstances are seen. This diagnostic apparatus uncovers the hidden parts of an organization’s elements B. What are the Four Frames? 1. Auxiliary Frame 2. Human Resource Frame 3. Political Frame 4. Representative Frame C. Attributes of the Four Frames: Structural * Metaphor = a machine * All about division of work * Delegating jobs * Involves an unmistakable chain of importance * Exact procedures * Setting Goals * Human Resources * Metaphor = a family * Open correspondence * Grow/Improve Skills * Identify inclination/impediments * Resolve clashes * Informal connections * Political * Metaphor = Jungle * Competition * Power * Scarce assets * Bargaini ng * Advocating/shaping alliance * Symbolic * Metaphor = Temple * Values * Rituals * Image * Brand * Culture * Heroes * Meaning * Intuition D. Procedures: * Strategic Planning: Structural = strategeties to set destinations and facilitate assets * Human Resources = Gathering to advance support * Political = Arenas to air clashes and realign power * Symbolic = Ritual to flag obligation, produce images, arrange implications * Decision-Making: * Structural = Rational succession to create right choice * Human Resources = Open procedure to deliver duty * Political = Opportunity to pick up or practice power * Symbolic = Ritual to affirm esteems and give chances to holding * Reorganizing: Structural = Realign jobs and duties to fit assignments and condition * Human Resources = Maintain balance between human needs and formal jobs * Political = Redistribute force and structure new alliances * Symbolic = Maintain picture of responsibility and responsiveness; haggle new social orer * Evaluating : * Structural = Ways to convey prizes or punishments and control execution * Human Resources = A procedure for helping people develop and improve * Political = Opportunity to practice power * Symbolic = Occasion to assume jobs in shared custom * Approaching clash: Structural = Maintain authoritative objectives by having specialists settle strife * Human Resources = Develop connections by having people go up against struggle * Political = Develop power by dealing, constraining, or controlling others to win * Symbolic = Develop shared qualities and use strife to arrange meaning * Goal Setting: * Structural = Keep association headed right way * Human Resources = Keep individuals included and correspondence open * Political = Provide open door for people and gatherings to make intrigues known * Symbolic = Develop images and shared qualities * Communication: Structural = Transmit realities and data * Human Resources = Exchange data, needs, and emotions * Political = Influence or control others * Symbolic = Tell stories * Meetings: * Structural = Formal events for settling on choices * Human Resources = Informal events for inclusion, sharing sentiments * Political = Competitive events to win focuses * Symbolic = Sacred events to celebrate and change culture * Motivation: * Structural = Economic impetuses * Human Resources = Growth and self-realization * Political = Coercion, control, and enticement * Symbolic = images and festivity Step by step instructions to refer to Human Resource Management Notes, Papers

Divine command theory

The most essential contrast in divine order hypothesis and Immanuel Kant’s moral hypothesis is the place the establishing rule originates from. Kant contends that as objective animals with the capacity for independent idea and activity, we can soundly decide the profound quality of any circumstance. Divine order hypothesis necessitates that people determine the desire of God to realize the contrast among good and bad. In huge part the two speculations cover and numerous who advance awesome order hypothesis would contend that Kant essentially didn't take his clarification far enough.They would contend that had he decided the wellspring of soundness, for example the hypothesis that God enriched His creation will freewill and self-governance, at that point he would see that even the normal decision hypothesis of ethical quality leads back to divine intercession. Notwithstanding, Kant contended that it is inconceivable utilizing objective contentions to decide whether God exists o r not. We can, be that as it may, contend sanely that people are levelheaded creatures and equipped for self-sufficient activity. In this manner, we can contend that self-ruling creatures have the sane ability of deciding a directing good principle.Kant’s hypothesis contends that the ethical standard which guides life ought to be resolved in a vacuum, missing of the realities. This was his method of contending against situational morals. A core value, the nuts and bolts of ethical quality, ought to be resolved dependent on sound idea and afterward, when the rule is set up, the realities of the circumstance might be applied to the ethical guideline and the fitting activity, the response to the inquiry, †What should I to do?†,â can be resolved. Kant’s hypothesis requires the distinguishing proof of the unmitigated basic that is basic to carrying on with an ethical life. Profound quality is dictated by the one soundly decided unmitigated imperative.If then a n activity appears inside the circumstance as if it won't be perfect with the clear cut objective, at that point it is ethically off-base and there is no legitimizing it or changing things around to make it okay.â For instance, in the event that the sanely decided absolute basic is that murder isn't right, at that point it isn't right. This is really a type of the contention numerous individuals use in restricting capital punishment. They contend that it can't be ethically supported to slaughter somebody regardless of whether it is being done in light of the fact that he murdered another person. Their clear cut basic is that it is silly to execute someone else. This individual should likewise then be a noncombatant as there is no condition under which slaughtering isn't ethically wrong.Under plunging order hypothesis, the request for God that â€Å"thou shalt not kill† would be a similarly authoritative good compass, then again, actually the God’s orders are once in a while that direct. Perhaps the greatest analysis of celestial order hypothesis is that it doesn't demonstrate how one is to figure out what God’s order is. Many point to the sacred writings, yet those shift, once in a while significantly among interpretations and religions. In hundreds of years past, many had confidence in the celestial standard of rulers as God’s voice on earth.Therefore, if the King instructed it, it was the expression of God too and since a large number of these rulers sent men into fight contrary to the edict against slaughtering, the hypothesis of perfect order is debilitated by the need to recognize God or His orders. In any event, reaching out into the present day, the Pope is considered by Catholics to be the voice of God. Is the expression of the Pope then the ethical guide for the awesome order hypothesis? What's more, the apparently opposing messages of the Bible (or different sacred texts) become an a lot more noteworthy issue. In the eve nt that we are putting together our ethical quality with respect to God’s order, yet His words are hazy, in what capacity would morality be able to turn out to be clear?Ultimately, the contrast among good and bad in the two speculations is conceivably gigantic. Under the awesome order hypothesis, anything that God orders can be viewed as right and anything as opposed to God’s order is wrong.â With Kant’s hypothesis, wrong is characterized as being shameless and shamelessness is unreasonable. In this manner, any demonstration which is silly could be considered ethically wrong.â Thus the two speculations can prompt altogether different ends in precisely the same case.Essentially, the distinction between the two is that however Kant contended that ethical hypothesis ought to be resolved without realities, it isn't firm and takes into consideration some conditional morals. The straightforward issue with divine order hypothesis is that on the off chance that it d epends on sacred texts as God’s order, it is obvious with no space for understanding. Why at that point would man be fit for sane idea if there were no sanity required? With divine order hypothesis any animal that can comprehend basic orders could be instructed to comply with the law and the making of an animal categories fit for discerning idea would be unnecessary.Likewise, the issue with moral hypothesis is that it doesn't have obvious good and bad. By contending that the essential is objective activity, Kant has made it workable for anything to be judiciously advocated even maybe the best of good wrongs including murder or even decimation, if the thinking were sound. In view of the distinction in their application, the two hypotheses can be applied with totally extraordinary outcomes.For case, expect that a man is strolling through the forested areas late at night and sees a man assaulting a lady whom he knows to be idealistic (just to make it understood she is the casual ty here). Since the assailant is in such a fierceness, the main way that the spectator needs to keep him from murdering the blameless is to execute the aggressor. On the off chance that we utilize the perfect order hypothesis to decide our game-plan, harkening back to the Ten Commandments and â€Å"Thou Shalt Not Kill†, the onlooker is left with no move that he can make to forestall the passing of a guiltless woman.Under Kant’s moral hypothesis, it is totally silly for the eyewitness to permit a blameless to be murdered basically in light of the fact that a Divine Being appointed that executing isn't right. In this manner, under the Kant hypothesis, the spectator would be completely defended in murdering the assailant. He would make the best decision. While plainly not every ethical commitment and choices could ever be this obvious, this model represents where the two hypotheses veer drastically.It is absolutely this sort of situation which drives me to help Kantâ€⠄¢s moral hypothesis over the hypothesis of perfect order. The hypothesis of heavenly order depends on the presence of a Supreme Being and the information on His will in close to home activity. Like Kant, I am not sure that we can decide whether God exists, substantially less what His perfect order would be. In an alternate age, divine order hypothesis as technique for deciding ethical quality made immaculate sense.The lord, administering with making a plunge right, could appoint the perfect orders of his country and the law would along these lines be acceptable, yet as we have entered the time of reason and science, the hypothesis of heavenly order misses the mark. It doesn't offer any direction on issues that were not thought about when the Bible or different sacred texts were composed. Except if one acknowledges that the Pope is the immediate course to God’s will left on earth, how could on figure out what the awesome order hypothesis would be on an issue like cloning and along these lines what the profound quality may be.Some strict individuals may state that cloning isn't right since it endeavors to sabotage God’s job in creation, however where in the Scripture does it say ‘thou shalt not clone’?â And, in the event that we acknowledge the contention that God didn't expect for man to meddle in the creation procedure, should we not then find in vitro treatment and in any event, reproducing controls on creatures to be in opposition to God’s law?â The basic coming up short of the celestial order hypothesis is that it doesn't venture into the advanced age and permit moral choices fitting to the occasions in which we live.Kant’s hypothesis then again is ideal for the period of reason, most likely dependent on the time allotment in which it was being developed.â When the methods trial of reasonability is applied, for all intents and purposes any choice can be made, regularly in the style of Kant’s works about basic sense.For model, the objective brain can recognize the ethical uncertainty of cloning, particularly cloning of a sound being. With all awareness of figured, we can discover that making what we don't comprehend might not be right. We can likewise soundly verify that deciding to mate explicit creatures in order to get a specific arrangement of hereditary qualities or embedding an incipient organism into an uterus isn't an underhanded demonstration basically in light of the fact that it includes creation. Indeed, even the individuals who put stock in the presence of a Supreme Being can't contend why a God that is â€Å"good† and kindhearted would question the utilization of logical advances to delay life and to help the regular procedure of procreation.As a further case of this, think about the utilization of atomic weapons. In spite of the fact that we can default to the possibility that thou shalt not kill as heavenly order contention against the utilization of the weap on, the contention misses the mark when we understand that man has been told to kill many occasions from the beginning of time in God’s name. In any case, when we consider the conversation of atomic weapons utilizing Kant’s hypothesis, we can verify that the utilization of atomic weapons on any boundless premise is silly and hence shameless and in this manner wrong.The sane contentions against the weapons are copious: they devastate each living animal for a significant distance, they decimate the land making it appalling for quite a long time, and the radiation spread can't be controlled, prompting incalculable extra wounds, ailments and passings. At last, the two hypotheses arrive at a similar resolution, yet Kant’s hypothesis gives a superior contention supporting the cause.Objectors will say that the issue with Kant’s hypothesis is that people have the ability to act nonsensically and in this way indecently. That nonsensicalness nullifies the idea of a

Basic Sccounting Principles

Question: Examine about the Basic Sccounting Principles. Answer: The four standards of budgetary bookkeeping are as follow : 1.Relevance:The bookkeeping rule expresses that to be important the budget summaries must be arranged opportune. The attributes of significant fiscal summaries are that they should be justifiable, convenient, valuable and required for deciding. 2.Comparability: One of the primary motivations behind fiscal summary is that the announcement of one money related year must be practically identical to one more year, so the organization can assess the adjustment in execution throughout the years. Along these lines, this is conceivable just when predictable bookkeeping standards are utilized to set up the announcements throughout the years. 3.Materiality: Size and significance are the fundamental standards of materiality idea. A little negligible money cost might be insignificant to a major organization and they probably won't record it yet for an organization which has a little turnover, this cost might be critical and material to the organization. 4.Conservatism: Conservatism rule expresses that misfortunes and costs to be recorded when they are gathered yet the benefits and resources for be recorded just when they are figured it out. The primary point of the rule is to show lower benefits to be determined sheet in light of the fact that the incomes and resources might be deferred. It is essential to track stock, to discover amount of products close by for successful working of an organization. Two such strategies are utilized to keep the track know as occasional technique and interminable stock framework. The principle contrasts between them are: 1.In the ceaseless stock framework the exchange of stock development are recorded as and when it happens where as in intermittent stock framework, the development of inventories are recorded at occasional interims. 2.In ceaseless stock framework the action of the business isn't influenced where as in occasional stock framework the activity of the business should be halted at the hour of valuation. 3.In occasional strategy a different buy account is utilized to record the buys where as in interminable technique a typical stock record is kept up to record the buys and deals. 4.Though interminable stock framework is unmistakably increasingly proficient, dependable and preciseas contrasted with occasional stock framework however it is likewise more costly than the last strategy. 5.Book records are the premise of interminable stock framework where as physical confirmation is the premise of occasional stock framework. 6.Real time data of the stock just as the expense of deals is given by the unending stock framework where as data about stock and cost of merchandise sold are given by the occasional stock framework. 7.Businesses which are little and have high deals recurrence then intermittent arrangement of stock can be costly where as organizations of nature where deals volume is low then simple following of stock should be possible according to occasional technique. Four significant clients of money related bookkeeping are as per the following: Proprietors and financial specialists: The proprietors and speculators are one of the most significant clients. The proprietors need to contemplate, investigate and look at the budget summaries of various years to settle on future choices and to see whether the organization is going destined for success or not. Speculators consistently examine a companys monetary records before putting away their cash as they need the confirmation that they will get a reasonable return in eventual fate of what they are contributing today. They essentially study the hazard and return relationship of an organization and to drive whether the organization will have the option to deliver profits to them. Moneylenders and Creditors: An organization raises account from banks and budgetary foundations to run its tasks. They study the budgetary records to know the liquidity of the organizations to see whether the firm will have the option to reimburse the credit and enthusiasm due at the hour of development. Loan bosses are commonly the providers which offer the products to their clients using a credit card footing. They have to know the transient liquidity, incomes and different parts of an association to see whether they will be reimbursed or not. They set the terms of credit dependent on the clients past execution and their money related status. Representatives: The better an organization plays out; the better it is for the workers. Workers are immediate recipients of a companys execution. They have to know the future possibilities of their work in the present organization and furthermore dependability of their benefits and retirement reserves. They attempt to evaluate whether an organization will extend, consolidate or whatever other significant advance which would straightforwardly influence their employer stability. Government: An organization is required to adhere to numerous guidelines and guidelines to act in an ideal way. The expense specialists are intrigued to realize the duty sum due and whether they have been paying the adequate sum or not. They additionally utilize the budgetary records to get an expertise of the presentation of the economy and to settle on required money related and modern choices. These days government likewise stays with a check whether an is following the necessary corporate social duty or not as it is accepted that since they are utilizing the societys assets, they ought to likewise progress in the direction of it. After my graduation I might want to seek after MBA in Finance. Enormous four alludes to the biggest bookkeeping firms on the planet. They are Pricewaterhouse Coopers(PwC), Delloitte, Ernst Young(EY), Klynveld Peat Warwick Goerdeler(KPMG). They give inspecting and bookkeeping administrations everywhere throughout the world. They are additionally the confirmed open accounting(CPA) firms and in this manner the traded on an open market U.S. organizations complete their examining by these organizations. The size of the Big 5 Company is a lot littler as contrast with the size of each Big Four organizations. These organizations likewise give charge prompts and other administration and confirmation administrations. The fundamental elements of these Big four organizations are: Counseling: They for the most part instruct the organizations on the execution with respect to their bookkeeping procedure and framework. Presently they center around progressively vital territories like mergers, securing and their business system. Review: Auditing is the center region where these Big4 organizations work. Their free group of bookkeepers audit the money related data to check whether there is reasonable introduction of data or not. After the fruition of their work, they create a feeling according to the fiscal reports. Duty: Big4 organizations help their demographic to set up their money related data so that they should bear the base assessment costs. In U.S the duty technique are lumbering and furthermore there are substantial punishments for resistance of guidelines. Along these lines, these organizations additionally help them in documenting their profits. Exchanges: by exchanges we mean exercises like mergers, acquisitions, side projects and so forth. Big4 organizations help in different exercises before such exchanges and furthermore to encourage such exchanges. Like they audit the firm which is to be obtained or converged with, they fabricate a valuation model and different exercises. References Essential bookkeeping standards, saw 19 January 2017, https://www.accountingtools.com/fundamental bookkeeping standards Equivalence/consistency, saw 19 January 2017, https://bookkeeping simplified.com/money related bookkeeping/bookkeeping ideas and-standards/comparability.html Jan, I, Perpetual versus intermittent stock framework, saw 19January 2017, https://accountingexplained.com/money related/inventories/ceaseless versus occasional framework Ingram, D, Difference among unending and intermittent stock framework, saw 19 January 2017, https://smallbusiness.chron.com/distinction between-interminable occasional stock framework 3224.html Who are the big4?, saw 19 January 2017, https://www.big4guide.net/who-are-the-enormous 4/ Kolakowski, M 2016, Big four open bookkeeping firms, saw 19 January 2017, https://www.thebalance.com/enormous four-open bookkeeping firms-1287328

Westward Expansion Project - Free Essay Example

Imagine yourself going into a time machine and coming out of the time of 1804, now imagine going on a journey requested by the president, not knowing where you are going, being attacked by wild animals you have never seen, eating dogs, living in record temperatures, and walking with a indian you scarcely know. Imagine you are a indian and these white men come in your village and take your supplies. Just imagine that and put yourself into their shoes. What Was The Corps Of Discovery? The Corps of discovery was a U.S army unit during the Lewis and Clark expedition 1804-1806 It was lead by Captain Lewis and second lieutenant Clark. Also it was founded and commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson. It was caused by the purchase of the Louisiana purchase and the effect was sending Lewis and Clark on a expedition to explore the western region. (The purchase was in 1803). The Corps of Discovery were surprisingly were the first American group to explore the western region. What was The Louisiana Purchase? The Louisiana purchase was a land deal between the U.S and France. The U.S acquired 827,000 square miles. It was the land west from Mississippi. It was bought for $15 million. The Louisiana Purchase is worth $1.2 Trillion today. Who Were part Of the Corps Of Discovery? Theyre were 33 volunteers in the group and 29 in training. They were 2 Officers, 5 NCOS, 30 Enlisted, Civilians 3 Permanent, 12 Temporary. The group volunteers were part of the us army. The youngest person of the group later became a lawyer and a senator (George Shannon). Only 33 people and 1 dog left Fort Mandan. However, only one member died in the expedition despite encountering wild animals and tense encounters with the Native Americans. How Did Lewis and Clark Meet? Lewis and Clark met each other in the army so that is how they met. However, Clark was 4 years older than Lewis and lived a little longer than Lewis. They were both military officers Lewis went to the army in 1794 in Ohio valley and the Old Northwest territory. There he met Clark. Who Was York? Clark was a slave owner known to be harsh to his slaves. He brought one of his slaves York. York worked hard with no pay. York was passed down from Clarks father to Clark. After the expedition they lost status on York and he was never seen again. They believed York died of the disease of cholera or some other disease. Surprisingly York was a full member of the group even though he was a slave. Who was Sacagawea? Sacagawea accompanied The Corps of Discovery in 1805-1806. She was pregnant when they arrived at her village (Hidatsa villages). She followed them from the Northern plains through the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific ocean and back. Her skills as a translator were invaluable, as was her intimate knowledge of some difficult terrain. Later on she moved into the fort Lewis and Clark made (Fort Mandan,North Dakota). What Did Native Americans do with Lewis and Clark? I called to them that I would shoot them if they did not give me my horse and raised my gun, one of them jumped behind a rock and spoke to the other who turned around and stopped at the distance of 30 steps from me and I shot him through the belly, he fell to his knees and on his right elbow from which position he partly raised himself up and fired at me, and turning himself about crawled in behind a rock which was a few feet from him. Lewis and clark met these plains tribes Osage, Sioux, Cheyenne, Crow, and Mandon. And they met these plateau tribes Blackfeet, Flathead, Shoshone, Nez Perce, Spokane, and Yakima Native Americans. The Native Americans must have caused some trouble for Lewis and Clark and the Corps of Discovery. They caused some trouble by Nez Perce giving them little and bad food. Some Native Americans must have been nice to the Corps of Discovery like some give them food beds and water. What Were Their Discoveries? They found 134 new species to science and 174 plants( More than I expected I thought they found like 50 species of each but no it has to be 134 animals and 174 plants. They discovered most of the animals we know today like the pronghorn sheep. They had some close encounters with some of the animals mostly the predators like the fox for example. Lewis brought back plants animal skins and skeletons back to Washington. What They Ate Lewis and clark and the Corps of Discovery ate over 200 dogs. They ate basically anything they could find like meat, fish, and berries. They were all native foods they found on the trail. So basically with the meat any animal they see they shoot it and eat it. Weird fact Because the journal writers did not use consistent spelling the word mosquito was spelled in at least 15 different ways. Weird right well it was because all the members wrote in the journal so they all spell and also write in so many different ways. What Happened After The Expedition? In 1984 Lewis and Clark were the most popular expedition group. Also there was no other American expedition leaders so recognizable by their names. Clark became a planter and a slave owner. After Lewis finished the journey Thomas Jefferson wanted him to explore the west Mississippi. How Lewis and Clark Died? Lewis died on a famous route the Natchez Trace. Found dead in a cabin with gunshots in his chest. He was only 35 seriously only 35. He had some mental problems and had some close encounters of killing himself on a another expedition but on the Natchez trace he got it done and killed himself with his gun that is what was thought by researchers. Clark died from natural causes (Rest in peace Clark RIP). Adding to that Clark died in September 1st 1838. Lewis and Clark were both buried where they started their journey in St. Louis What they did in Memory of Lewis and Clark? In Lewis and Clarks memory they made a historic trail in 1978 (The nearest city Omaha Nebraska). Along with that in Portland, Oregon they made a collage in memory of them. Clarks JournalThe Journal of clark goes beyond geographical records for temperature and weather. This year they put fake plush toy dogs on a raft and put them on the same journey as there old ancessers Seaman Lewiss dog. The Pups are traveling 3700. They will stop multiple visitor centers to make a blog post. (Seaman jr one of the Pups is in space). Weird fact Surprisingly Clark legally adopted Sacagawea two children her daughter Lizette Charbonneau and her son Jean Baptiste Charbonneau. Imagine you just finished your 8,000 mile journey with but loads of fur and animal skeletons. To bring to Thomas Jefferson and back to Washington. Now imagine having to go on another expedition after this one and also having suicidal actions and thoughts. Now imagine going down in history as one of the most brave people, as the most popular expedition group, the they put statues in your memory, and you get a lot of praise FROM THE President. Just imagine that all that fame.

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Bridging the Gap Essay - 2065 Words

In a society where 85% of global wealth is held by a mere 10% of the population, we in developed countries, have the duty to take an active approach in bridging the gap between the social classes and working to end extreme poverty (â€Å"Pioneering Study†). Poverty is possibly the most serious issues we face on a global scale. A society is measured by the treatment of its vulnerable and many in our global community are struggling for basic human needs. Though eradicating poverty not only helps those less fortunate; but it helps us all, through a more equal distribution of wealth, bettering technologies, and access to more and better resources. Helping others is not only a moral accomplishment, but will raise the overall standard of living.†¦show more content†¦However, The World Bank which originally conducted the global assessment, allowed for inflation, purchasing power, and regional economies to be adjusted to determine an accurate figure. According to the study, t he income in third world countries classified as impoverished would be the same as those living in the US on about $450 a year (Singer 8). There are many causes of poverty. It could be caused by the downfall of an economy, political unrest, lack of resources, or over-population. However, even in the poorest of nations there are those who are extremely wealthy. The main cause of poverty is the global distribution of wealth. As of 2000, the wealthiest 2% of the adult population owned more than half of the world’s assets, while the poorest 50% held barely 1% combined (â€Å"Pioneering Study†). The world, on a general scale, has become a caste system where people are most likely going to die with the socio-economic standing they were born into. Take Haiti for example, just 600 miles from the United States, there is the true face of poverty. Along the streets of Haiti there those who are malnourished, diseased, and dying. 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First Samuel Analysis free essay sample

Transitions described in the first book of Samuel such as the transition from being ruled by judges to that of a ruling monarchy. Many questions concerning the context of the first book of Samuel have been asked, receiving no definite answer. Questions like who wrote first Samuel? The authorship is still currently unknown. The first book of Samuel, itself gives us no indication of the author’s identity. However, we can conclude that whoever the author is, they had to have access to a number of records about the lives and times of Samuel, Saul, and David. There have been many guess as to the author ship of first Samuel; however none has any significant amount of evidence to prove them true and accurate. Others ask â€Å"When was first Samuel written? † From directly within this primary source we can establish around what time it was written. In first Samuel, we are told that the elders of Israel began to ask for a king to rule them. This gives us evidence that the primary source was written around the same time when Saul was appointed King of Israel. The exact dates are unknown, but scholars approximate the date to be around 1040 BC, similar to the time when Saul was crowned king. We can also determine the approximate location in which the source was written. Based on the primary subjects in the source, Israel and the Hebrews, It would be appropriate to assume that it was written within or near their cultural society. The author of the first book of Samuel intended his audience to directly be the community of the Hebrews. Right in the source the author gives the Hebrews advice and messages from God; such advice like that in I Samuel chapter eight, versus ten through seventeen. The author said, â€Å"The king will take your sons and your daughters, your vineyards and fields, as well as a tenth of your seed. This source was written for the Hebrews, as a form of record keeping, and as a way to draw their attention to the mistakes they had made in the past. Another, more definite purpose of the first book of Samuel is to represent the transition of Israel from the time of judge’s ruling to the rule of kings, going from a theocracy, to a monarchy. It record s the life of Samuel, the last of the judges, and how he makes way for the future kings to rule Israel, specifically of King Saul and David, a future king of Israel. The source also tells us about how rulers are subject to human error. They can become corrupt and unjust like any other person. It gives us insight about how God, believes that we are to act. That we must focus not on the physical earthly things, but rather on the spiritual and religious aspects of life. In the book of Samuel the transition from a theocracy to a monarchy, is portrayed by three main figures; Samuel, representing the old rule of the judges, Saul representing the failed first attempt at a monarchy for Israel, and David Being the ideal king for Israel according to God. We see a picture painted of forgiveness from God. His people turn away from him, yet he gives them what they want, a king. And again when the king becomes corrupt they still want another king. God even warned them and promised them a king that he would not prevent from becoming corrupt. Eventually finding favor in David, God gives them a true king who was devoted to God. .When reading a source like the first book of Samuel we have to keep in mind that there may be biases to take into account. Initially from its very long history, we know that the first book of Samuel had been originally written in Hebrew. Therefore biases may arise from the different translations of this source. Biases from translations as old as this source could come from the translators themselves, whether they know it or not. Not every biased translation is intentional, however it just proves that not all translations can be, or are accurate all the time. We are also given information in this source from the point of view that believed Israel having a king was a bad idea. The thoughts, then from the author would have to be analyzed for a biases centering on anti-monarchial feelings. If one did not want a king to rule, all they would have to do is put some key ideas into the people’s heads through what they read in this source at the time. For example in the book of first Samuel, chapter 8, verses eleven through eighteen; the author, through a recollection of what Samuel said to the Hebrews, describes Samuel warning the Hebrews of all the corruptions that can befall a king. Also, our inability to exactly place what context this source was written, arises another possible bias, our lack of knowledge about the author. We are left just guessing who was trying to say what about the events described in the source. We might not ever know whether this source was written as the events happened chronologically, or if the author recalled them from their memory as they believed them to have happened, even if it was not always exactly how it happened. The first book of Samuel has been used as a primary source by many scholarly peoples. It like all other sources, it is subject to biases. The exact amount we may never know. Yet, to the Hebrew community it is a reliable record covering important parts of their past that cannot be forgotten. Even without knowing exactly who the author was, people take educated guesses and place the author to Samuel himself, and or, someone with access to the records from the time period covered in the source. From this source we do get a good idea about how the Israelites went from a theocracy to a democracy. We also come to understand that for the Hebrew peoples, Samuel was a mediator between god and the people at the time. All historical sources like the book of First Samuel should and must be critically analyzed with an open mind. We should not let our personal beliefs affect how well we determine the accuracy of a source. Even a religious historical source such as this one can be very useful in scholar’s research.